Discreet Charm of the GABAergic Bourgeoisie: Superconnected Cells Conduct Developmental Symphonies

The Picaro in Paris: ‘The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie’and the Picaresque Tradition

In vitro Transdifferentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells into GABAergic-Like Neurons

Background: Cell therapy of many neurodegenerative diseases using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) requires the differentiation of BMSC into neuronal subtype. However, the transdifferentiation of BMSC into GABAergic phenotype requires more investigation. Methods: In this study, BMSC of adult female rats were pre-induced into neuroblast-like cells using 1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (βME) and 10 M re...

A New Multistep Induction Protocol for the Transdifferentiation of Bone marrow Stromal Stem Cells into GABAergic Neuron-Like Cells

Background: Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSC) are appropriate source of multipotent stem cells that are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. It can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells under appropriate conditions. This study examined the effectiveness of co-stimulation of creatine and retinoic acid in increasing the differentiation of BMSC into GABAergic neuron-lik...

GABAergic hub neurons orchestrate synchrony in developing hippocampal networks.

Brain function operates through the coordinated activation of neuronal assemblies. Graph theory predicts that scale-free topologies, which include "hubs" (superconnected nodes), are an effective design to orchestrate synchronization. Whether hubs are present in neuronal assemblies and coordinate network activity remains unknown. Using network dynamics imaging, online reconstruction of functiona...

The Discrete Charm of the Bourgeoisie Quantum and Continuous Perspectives on Innovation and Growth

This paper discusses the relative merits of discrete vs. continuous perspectives on innovation, technical change, and economic growth. It discusses the innovation time series liteature in some detail to extract the continuous and clustering properties of the historical record on innovation. It then proposes a mosaic/avalanche model based on percolation theory and selforganized criticality to ad...